Apparatus for mixing, measuring, and carbureting gaseous bodies.



8 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

A. BOUVIER. Prunus ron mme, Mmmm, AND GABBUBBTING amena Bums.

AIPLIGATIJN FILED BBPT.2B, 190B. 924,883I Patented June 15,1909.

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APPARATUS Fon MIXING, MEASUBING, AND UABBUBETING GAsEoUa Bonms.

APPLIGA'IIIOH FILED BBP'LBB, 1908. Patented June 15 a sinn-sum a.

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A. BOUVIER.

APPARATUS FOB MIXING, MEASURING, AND CABBURBTING GASEOUB BODIES.

APPLIGATION FILED BEPTAB, 1908. Patented June 15.

B SHEETS-SHEET 8.

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ADOLPHE BOUVIER, OF LYON, FRANCE.

APPARATUS FOR MIXING, MEASURING, AND CARBURETING GASEOUS BODIES.

Specification o! Letters Patent.

Patented June 15, 1909.

Application led. September 29, 1906. Serial No. 336,725.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ADoLrHn BOUVIER, of 25 Avenue de Noailles, Lyon, France, engineer, have invented a new and useful lmprovement in Apparatus for Mixing, Measuring, and Carbureting Gaseous Bodies, which improvement is fully set forth in the following specification.

The object of the present invention is an apparatus capable of supplying two or more currents of gaseous fluids at a strictly conetant predetermined pressure, the volumes of the dierent gases delivered being in a predetermined proportion and which thus allows of mixtures of diti'erent gases or vapors of volatile liquids to be obtained in a given proportion or description.

The apparatus is designed to produce, principally for lighting or for intense heat ing by means of gas, a given combustible mixture of gas and air dehvered at the time it is used under constant pressure, the air and the gas being mixed in a proportion which can be regulated at will but which remains quite constant after being regulated. This result is obtained in the present apparatus by means of two pumps connected together and giving the necessary deliveries for the inal mixture and each delivering its liuid into a special reservoir at constant pressure either for example in a rising and falling gasometer of constant weight, or into a closed stationary airtight gasometer of constant volume. The amount of the two Huids delivered is simultaneously regulated by two independent arrangements, operated by the extreme positions of the rising and falling gasometers or by the maximum pressures in the stationary reservoirs, acting on the inlet valves of the two pumps in such a way that the two fluids are delivered at the outlet. of the gasometers, under a certain predetermined constant pressure, whereby the two fluids arrive in proportional quantities and under the same pressure at and pass into a mixer and from there to the burners. From the mixer the two fluids, now mixed in a single stream pass through a pipe consisting of cones connected together. suitably arranged and open and at an angle of about 7 and provided with metal gauze or other suitable arrangements ending in pipes of small diameter which conduct the mixture to the ditl'erent burners. There the mixture is burned either in a blue flame or in a white flame. From the nature of the present apparatus it is possible to have an oxidizing, neutral or re dueing flame and to keep it constant and unchanged thus causing it to approach as nearly as possible to the maximum thermal etl'iciency.

ln the drawings which show an example of carrying out the invention: Figure l is a general view partly in section ot' one form ot` apparatus with a rising and falling gas ometer. Fig. 2 is a general view of the apparatus with reservoirs having a constant volume. Fig. 2l is an elevation to a larger scale of the rocking lever controlling the inlet valve of the air pump where rising and falling gasometers are used. Fig. 4 is a section on a large scale of the mechanism for regulating the gas pump when reservoirs of constant volume are employed. Fig. 5 is a similar view of the mechanism for regulating the air pump. Figs. (i and T show the mixing chamber.

In the form shown in Fig. l on one or two supports l are mounted a gas pump 2 and an air pump El. these two pumps can be actuated either by a single crank shaft 4 driven by fast and loose pulleys 5 and t3 or by two independent shafts or by any other n'iechanism capable of giving a reciproating movement to the two pistons. A small gas or internal combustion motor for example tired lj an ignition tube or otherwise, or a motor with two cylinders driven by a liquor under pressure can be arranged inside the support as is shown in Fig. l to drive the apparatus direct through a suitable clutch. The cylinder of the pump :2 is of fixed capacity, that of 3 is arial/)le as will be hereinafter cxplained, the ratio between the maximum capacities otl the pumps 2 and 2l being so arranged in the construction as to be able to supply Ythe least amount of combustible gas wanted for the mixture.

The variation of the capacity of the cylinder of the air pump can be obtained by any suitable means such as the arm of a variable lever or a double eccentric with an intermediate neulral position. or again, as is shown in the drawing by a crank plate on which the crank pin 3 can be displaced radially and fixed by screws t) and 10. It is advantageous in order to keep the amount of y compression constant to make the connecting rod 11 adjustable so that it can be lengtheued b v tor instance a right and a left hand threaded rod working in a sleeve 12. The piston ot' tht` gas pump driven b v the crank 1?. draws the gas through the mechanically operated valve 14 in the gas pipe. 13 in which is placed a regulating vessel 1G. lt forces the gas through the valve 17 and the pipe 18 to the bell 19 ot' a rising and falling gasometer. [from there the gas passes hy the pipe 20 to the mixing chamber Q1. Un the other hand the air drawn by the pistou ot' the air plunp I) through the intake 22 and the automatic valve 2? is forced through the valve 21 and the pipe 2:3 to the bell 26 of a rising and falling gasometer. From there the airY passes. b v the pipe 2T to the mixing chamber 21. it relief device '27 is connected on the one hand to the gas supply and delivery and on the other hand to the atmosphere and to the air delivery 2T.

The weights of the air and gas gasometers are calculated so that the pressure of the two fluids at the point ot' delivery shall be the same. L\ow the constants of the pumps, the volunnl ot' the cylinder and the number of strokes ot' the piston iu a unit ot' time. are such that the quantities ot' gas and air sent into the respective gasometers are greater than those which are necessitated by the maxinnun consumption ot' the apparatus constructed for any given installation. At'ter a time therefore the bells of the gasometers will be raised to their full height. ln order to keep the pressure at its working value the bells act respectively on the inlet valves of the pumps in such a way as to keep them open and so compel the pumps to work idly. For this purpose the gasometer t'or the air carries a lug which acts on the arm 2S) ot' a rocking lever Il() having a counterweight 11 (Figs. l and 3). This lever. as soon as the counterweight 31 has passed the vertical. presses down by its arm 31DL the stem Il! ot the valve 22%. The air pump now works idly and the air is supplied to the mixing chamber 21 from the bell only. 'hen the bell comes to its lowest position it acts b v means otl a secoml lug 33 on the arm 29 of the rocking lever whose counterweight Ill moving past the vertical to the other slde trees the stem 32 ole the valve 23. which. aetuated by its spring. returns to its seat and comes again into action the air pump resuming its| normal work.

It is necessary to provide a special arrangement to prevent the inlet valve 23 from being able to start working again before the cminterweight 31 has passed the vertical to the other side. Jfor in this case if the pump connnenced to work, the bell would move upward and the regulation would be unstable by reason of the renewed holding open of the inlet valve which would result from l this movement. It is possible. if it is desired.

to work a regulator of this kind continuously which would have the effect of reducing the range of the bell. but it` is preferable to allow the bell its whole range. ln order to effect. this the stem 3Q of the valve is provided with a collar 34 with which engages, when the rocking lever falls, a catch actuated by a spring 36 and having a nose 37. In this way when the arm 31a of the rocking lever rises. the valve 23 is held open by the catch then when the counterweight 31 has passed the vertical the arm 31 pushes aside the nose 37 of the catch which frees the valve 23. the bell then moves upward, the regulation having been made stable. The bell of the gasometer for the gas works in a similar way, by means of a duplicate set of lugs and counterweighted lever, but, as the stem of the inlet valve for the gas must have a gastight packing gland 39 it is necessary to operate it mechanically. The main driving shaft of the gas pump 4 carries a cam 40 which acts on the rod 41 pressed by a` spring 4Q. At the end of this rod is screwed the head 43 which actuates the valve 14 (Figs. 1 and 4). The rod 41 has in it a slot 44 in which can be inserted a wedge 45 actuated by the rocking lever 4G through the bell crank lever 47. The slot 44 is long enough for the wedge 45 not` to in any way normally interfere with the movement of the rod 41. But it will be seen that if the wedge 45 is pushed in by the rocking lever 4G the lower end oi the slot in the rod 41 will come against this wedge and consequently with a sufticienty movement of the said wedge the valve will remain open, so that the gas pump will work idly. The opposite movement of the rocking lever will free the rod 41 and consequently the valve 14 which will again be actuated by the cam 40. This arrangement admits of alternately filling and emptying gasometers at a substantially constant pressure which will result in a ow of air and gas to the mixing chamber 21 also at` constant pressure. The mixture at this point can be finally controlled as to volume by means of an arrangement consisting of two slide valves 48. 49 (Figs. 1, 2, 6 and 7) regulating simultaneously the opening of the passages of two parts 50 and 51 of which the width of each is proportional to the quantity of fluid which ought to pass it and whose total section corresponds to the maximum quantity admitted. The two slide valves are connected together by a crosshead 52 with a handle. but the relative positions of the two slide valves can be altered by means ot' screws 53. Thus it is possible to vary the quantity without in any way altering the proportions and also to correct or modify the proportions by the adjustment of the screw The gas then enters the mixing chamber proper 54 which consists of a series of converging and diverging cones 55 provided with diaphragms of metal gauze which completes the mixin of the gas. From there the complete an homogeneous mixture is delivered throu h pipes of small diameter 56. In the case o? burners of' large capacity metal gauze may in addition be interposed immediately before the burners. The metal gauze can be replaced by a cluster ot almost capillary tubes.

\Vhen it is considered preferable to use as gasometers stationary reservoirs of constant volume instead ot' rising and falling gasometers, the pumps 2 and 3 force the two fiuids into the closed reservoirs 58, 5T (Fig. 2) where an increase in the quantity ot the gas introduced will result in an increase of pressure and a` depletion, however slight, will result in a` decrease ot the pressure. These variations ot' pressure are utilized to effect the regulation. To effect this, the fluid under pressure acts on a wedge as shown in Figs. and 4 for regulating` the gas in every way similar to that of the preceding case: This action is effected by means of a piston 5U acted on by a spring (it) and communicating' with the gas reservoir or by means ot a membrane working' in the same way as the piston. The air inlet valve is also pressed down or left tree by a wedge il ope 'ated by a piston (r2 acted on by a spring (i3 and coinmunicating with the air reservoir 5T. By proportioning the surfaces ot' the pistons to the degree ot' sensitiveness which is desired, and by compensating the thrust of the pistons b v adjustable springs the working of the pumps can be stopped and started by the filling and depletion at any suitable time. The cylinders containing these pistons can each be provided with a pressure gage ('12s open to the air or an aneroid to ma ke it easier to regulate the pressures. llerc as in the former cases a rcliet1 device may be employed. lt would be equally possible to act on the inlet valves of' the pumps 2 and 3 by means ot any other appliance capable ot being actuated by the pressure ot' the tluid accumulated in the reservoir, the appliance being either solid or liquid. The closed reservoirs are also furnished either with drain cocks or with inverted siphon pipes (t4 and (33 whose function it is to automatically drain away the water or other condensed liquids. To effect this the openings (Fig. 2) of the long legs of the Siphon widen out into cups (to. GT the bottom of which is at such a distance above the bottom ot' the reservoir as will give a colun'in ot liquid ot a height corresl'ionding to the maximum pressure which should be ol'itarined.

ln case of excess of` pressure the liquid will he forced into the cup whose capacity is sufficient to contain the liquid in the short leg of the siphon. Under these conditions the tluid can` escape and getaway either into the atmosphere in the case of' the air-or in the case of' the gas, into a bell GS with a seal of liquid such as mercury. The top ot' this bell is connected by a tube (i9 to the gas pipe or to the reserve of uncompressed as serving to supply the pump (india rub )er bag). All loss of gas will thus be avoided and the siphon will work as a safety valve.

It the a)vater or other products of' condensation increase in volume they will pass out ot the cups (3o, o7 by a suitable tube into the atmosphere in the case of the air. The second adjusting of the proportions of the fluids immediately before being mixed in the mixing chamber is obtained in the same way as in the preceding case.

lhether an apparatus having rising and falling gasometers or stationary reservoirs be used the equalization of the mixture will be effected primarily by equal weights ot' the gasoineter bells, but ifl it be granted that the resistance ofl pipe 27 remains constant; and that the section of the ports 51 ought to remain practically the same in order to insure that the regulating ett'ect of' the slide valves shall be the same for a given delivery it follows that the pressure in the bell 2o or in the reservoir 5T ought to become difl'erent in order to secure the desired delivery into the mixing chamber. The bell ilo should therefore be surcharged with a weight Tt) or lightened and the drain pipe of the reservoir 5T ought to allow of a greater height ot liquid; at the same time the tension of the springs (t0 and 63 ot the regulating mechanism (Figs. 2, 4t and 5) should be brought to the tension value corresponding to the new conditions tor working.

The f'orm and the particular arrangements ot' the different modifications ot the present apparatus will naturally vary according to the volume of gas delivered and to the internal pressure and also according to the nature of the products used. It is evident that the apparatus designed to deliver simultaneously a current ot pure air and a current ot' air saturated at a given temperature with the vapor of a h vdrocarlmn liquid with the object ot eventually obtainingl by the mixture of these two currents` carbureted air of a given strength will require special details, but the general principles of the invention previously described will be the same.

llaving thus fully described my invention what l claim as new is:

1. An apparatus tor supplying two or more gases in predetermined proportions. comprising a pump t'or each gas. a storage reservoir ted by cach pump.meanscontrolled by the filling and depletion ot' cach reservoir to throw its pump out ot and into operation,

and pipes leading from eaeh reservoir to a point ol iunetion L). An apparatus for supplying two or more gases in predetermined proportions` eomprising a pump for eaeh gas. a storage reservoir ted by eaeh pump. means eonv trolled hy the tilling of eaeh reservoirto hold the inlet valve ot its pump in an open position to eause the pump to run idly. means eontrolled by the depletion of eaeh reservoir to restore the inlet valve ot its pump to its normal position. and pipes leading from eaeh reservoir to a point of Iinnetion.

It. n apparatus t'or supplying` two or more gases in predetermined proportions. eomprising a pump t'or eaeh gas. a gasA ometer t'ed by eaeh pump` eaeh gasometer having a eapaeity proportitmed to its rontrihution to the supply. means aetuated near the ttpper limit ot' eaeh gasometer movement to throw its pump out ot' operation. means aetuated near the lower limit ot the gasometer movement to throw its pump again into operation. and pipes leading t'rom eaeh reservoir to a point of Ijuni-tion.

I.. .\n apparatus for supplying two or more gases in predetermined proportions. eomprising a pump for each gas, a` gasoineter t'ed by eaeh pump. lugsl rarried by earh gasometer bell one above the other. an angle lever pivoted near the bell with one ot' its arms in the path of the rising and falling lugs and with anothe arm arranged to beat' upon the inlet 'alve stem of the pump supplying said gasometer. the arrangement being sneh that near the upper limit of move ment of the bell. the lower lug will engage th angle leve and through it liold the inlet valve open and near the lower limit of its movement. the upper lugl will engage the angle lever and tilt the same to release the inlet valve, and pipes leadingI 'from eaeh reservoir to a mixer. and a pipe leading from a point ot junction.

.\n apparatus tor supplying two or more gases in predetermined primortions. eomprising a pump for eaeh gas. a ga,sn ometer fed b v eaeh pump. a slotted rod bearing upon the inlet valve ot' one ot the pumps. a ram driven by the pump and bearing upon the slotted rod to meehanieally operate the valve. a wedge arranged to enter the slot. a lever arranged to move the wedge. lugs rarried b v the gasometer bell ted by said pump. an angle lever arranged with one of its arms in the path ofthe rising and falling lug aml its other arm operatively eonneeted with the tirst named lever. whereby the rising o't` the bell serves to hold the inlet valve ot' the pump open and the falling otl the bell serves to restore said valve to its normal op erative position.

t. .\n apparatusl t'or supplying two or more gases` in predetermined proportions, eomprising a gas supply and an air supply7 a gas pump of fixed eapaeity. an air pump ot' regulable eapaeity.y and gasometers ted by the pumps and having relative eapaeities ot' storage and delivery roi-responding to those ot the respeetive pumps.

T. Au apparatus tor supplying two or more gases in predetermined proportions. eomprising a gas supply and an air supply. a gas pump ot tixed eapaeitlv. an air pump. means to adjust the stroke ot the piston in the air pump to vary its eapaeity. and gasometers ted by the pumps and having relative eaparities ot sto `age and delivery rorresponding to those of the respeetive pumps.

H. A11 apparatus t'or supplying two or more gases in predetermined propfn'tions. eomprising a gas supply and au air supply, a gas pump ot fixed eapaeity. an air pump ot' regulable rapaeity. gasometers `t'ed by the pumps and having relative. eapaeities ot' storage and delivery eorresponding to those ot' the respeetive pumps. and means aetnated near the upper and lower limits of movement ot' the gasometer to throw their respeetive pumps out ot' and into olrieration.

El. .\n apparatus tor supplying two or more gases in predeterntined proportions. eomprising a gas pump with lixed eapaeity` an air pump with regulable rapaeity. gasometers ted by the pumps and having rela tive eapaeities oll` storage and delivery eorrespondingto those ot' the pumps, and means to adjust the pressure in the air gas omet'er.

1t). An apparatus tor supplying two or more ses in predetermined proportions, eomprismg a gas supply and an air supply. a gas pump ot tixed eapaeity. an air pump ot' regulable eapaeity. gasometers t'ed by the pumps aml having relative eapaeities ot' storage and delivery eorrespomliug to those ot' the respeetive pumps, and regulable means aetuated near the upper and lower limits ot movement ot the gasometer to throw their respeetive pumps ont olt and into operation.

11. A\n apparatus for supplying two or more gases in predetern'tined proportions? eomprising a gas pump o'll tixed eapaeity. an air pump. means to vary the throw ot the :tir pump piston. gasometers ted by the pumps and having eapaeities otE storage and delivery less than the delivery eapaeity of their respertive pumps. lugs earried b v eaeh ot' the gasometer bells one above the other. :ingle levers pivoted adjaeent to the bells with one arm in the line of travel o1 the lugs. the inlet valve of the air pump arranged adjaeeut to the other arm of the angle lever ot the air gasometer. a slotted rod hearing upon the stem ot the inlet valve ot the gas pump. a eam on a drive shaft bearing upon the rod to operate the inlet valve. a wedge arranged to enter the slot. an operative eonueetion between the angle lever ot the gas bell aud the wedge. and a llO liltl catch arranged to hold each of the inlet specification in the presence of two subscribvalves open and to be released by the tilting ing witnesses.

of the angle levers to permit said Valves to y close whereby the filling and depletion of ADOLPHE BOUVIER' the gasometers serve to throw their respeo- 1Vitliesses:

tive pumps out of and into operation. FRANois B. KEENE,

In testimony whereof I have signed this L.I l.l\f`[1:Nmlz. 

